"Notre-Dame de Paris" by Victor Hugo is a historical novel written in the early 19th century. The story is set against the backdrop of medieval Paris and primarily revolves around the events of January 6, 1482, including the Feast of Fools and the presentation of a morality play, highlighting the vibrant and tumultuous life of the city. Central characters introduced include Pierre Gringoire, a struggling poet, and the hunchbacked bell-ringer Quasimodo, alongside other notable figures such as Esmeralda and Claude Frollo.
At the start of the novel, the narrative presents a vivid scene of a bustling Parisian crowd, excited for the festivities of the day. The reader is taken to the Palais de Justice, where Gringoire's awaited morality play is supposed to occur. Various characters, including scholars and citizens, display their eagerness and impatience as they gather to experience the drama. However, the entrance of Cardinal de Bourbon and a group of Flemish ambassadors creates a stir, drawing attention away from the play and toward the dignitaries. Gringoire, feeling overshadowed by the cardinal's arrival, is frustrated as his performance is lost amidst the noise and chaos of the crowd. The opening chapter effectively sets the stage for the exploration of the themes of social class, art, and the turbulent nature of humanity.
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Victor-Marie Hugo, vicomte Hugo (1802~1885) was a French Romantic author, poet, essayist, playwright, journalist, human rights activist and politician.
His most famous works are the novels The Hunchback of Notre-Dame (1831) and Les Misérables (1862). In France, Hugo is renowned for his poetry collections, such as Les Contemplations and La Légende des siècles (The Legend of the Ages). Hugo was at the forefront of the Romantic literary movement with his play Cromwell and drama Hernani. His works have inspired music, both during his lifetime and after his death, including the opera Rigoletto and the musicals Les Misérables and Notre-Dame de Paris. He produced more than 4,000 drawings in his lifetime, and campaigned for social causes such as the abolition of capital punishment and slavery.
Although he was a committed royalist when young, Hugo's views changed as the decades passed, and he became a passionate supporter of republicanism, serving in politics as both deputy and senator. His work touched upon most of the political and social issues and the artistic trends of his time. His opposition to absolutism, and his literary stature, established him as a national hero. Hugo died on 22 May 1885, aged 83. He was given a state funeral in the Panthéon of Paris, which was attended by over two million people, the largest in French history.
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